Factors affecting antiseptics

Antimicrobial activity can be influenced by many factors such as formulation effects , presence of an organic loa synergy, temperature, dilution, and test method. These issues are beyond the scope of this review and are discussed elsewhere ( 1, 4, 4, 4, 4). For example, the activity of most disinfectants increases as the temperature increases, but some exceptions exist. Regardless of their use, antiseptics should exert a sustained effect against microorganisms without causing tissue damage. Although some specific biocides may be used as both disinfectants and antiseptics (e.g., alcohols and iodines), it is not generally recommended that an antiseptic be used for the purpose of disinfection, and vice versa.

A number of factors are responsible for growth of microorganisms.

The major factors affecting growth are nutrition , moisture , air , temperature , pH , light, osmotic pressure and the presence of growth inhibitors which affect the growth of bacteria and fungi. Present and future strategies within the antiseptics and disinfectants market, including factors affecting the market with the inclusion of breakdowns of the market by end users. Low level disinfection.

Destroy most vegetative bacteria, fungi, and viruses but this will not include spores and some of the more resistang microorganisms. Destruction of microorganisms on living tissues. MECHANISM OF ACTION: 1. PERIOD OF CONTACT WITH MICROBES.

NATURE OF MICROBES INVOLVED.

State why chemical agents are usually unreliable for sterilization. Because disinfectants and antiseptics often work slowly. List five factors that may influence the antimicrobial action of disinfectants, antiseptics , and sanitizers. Concentration of disinfectant 2. Formulation of disinfectant 7. Types and number of micro-organisms present 9. Chemical structure of disinfectant 8. The activity of germicides against microorganisms depends on a number of factors , some of which are intrinsic qualities of the organism, others of which are the chemical and external physical environment. The findings indicate that the cost effectiveness of antibiotics is influenced by factors relating to the characteristics and the use of antibiotics (i.e., diagnosis, comparative costs and comparative effectiveness, resistance, patient compliance with treatment, and treatment failure) and by external factors (i.e., funding source, clinical pharmacy interventions, and guideline implementation interventions).

Temperature, pH, and other factors can also affect the potency of a disinfecting agent. One method to determine the effectiveness of a chemical agent includes swabbing surfaces before and after use to confirm whether a sterile field was maintained during use. The effects of pH and indirect ultrasonication on the cidal activity of aqueous and alcoholic solutions of chlorhexidine gluconate against Bacillus subtilis spores were examined. At moderately elevated temperatures, increasing pH enhanced sporicidal activity. Another factor related to disinfectant application that may have an influence on efficacy is the way the disinfectant is initially applied to a surface.

Disinfectants are often sprayed onto a surface and left to act for a period of time before being wiped away. Other factors that inhibit wound healing include radiation, alkylating agents (eg, cyclophosphamide, melphalan), and inappropriate concentrations of antiseptics. In human medicine, NSAIDs have been shown to slow wound healing.

Acids have a low pH, bases a higher pH.

Typically, when an acid and a base are combine water and a salt are formed. The pH level is also known as the potential of hydrogen level.